ruth 4:1 commentary
The name of this man was "Tob" or "Tobias", according to some Jewish writers; see Gill on Ruth 3:13, to him Boaz said. Although in a house, or in a temple, the sandal was dispensed with, it was always used in walking and upon a journey. Ruth 4:1. No Hebrew woman could desire a better fortune than to resemble the two wives of Jacob from whom the entire people had sprung. KINDRED IS AT THE FOUNDATION OF HUMAN LIFE, AS SOCIAL AND POLITICAL. Now this custom died out, however it is interesting, there was a lady recently in Israel who tried to get her brother-in-law to enact this old law because her husband died. He became a man in order that He might be next of kin to man, in order that He could redeem man. There can be no reference, as the Chaldee Targumist imagined, to his fear of domestic dissensions. So Boaz presented Naomi’s other relative w/the opportunity to buy Elimelech’s property & bring Naomi & Ruth into his household. To clog our feet along our heavenward way, To grow more like to God—for God is love.". From her descended Jesse, the long promised root which should raise an ensign for the nation, and in whom the gentiles should trust. Ruth 4:20-22. Having no means to cultivate it, she could hare sold it and the blood-relative could have bought it back without taking upon himself levirate duties, since her age rendered it improbable that they would answer the purpose for which they were instituted. So the next of kin could come in and take your part, or your place in the purchasing, or the repurchasing of the land. Integrity and incorruptness on the part of those who administer the law.—T. 5. "Kinsmen." The attitude expressive of deliberation. So Abraham bargained for a place of sepulchre in the field of Machpelah, in the presence of those who stood at the gate of Hebron (Gen 23:17-18). Instead of Hezron we have Esrom; instead of Ram we have Aram; instead of Nahshon we have Naason; instead of Boaz we have Boos; in 1 Chronicles 2:11 we have Salma instead of Salmon. Sitting there, they could hear the townsmen and country-people as they left or entered the city; and each Prayer of Manasseh, his business finished, could return at once to his own house. At the gate was the proper forum; and it is certainly more satisfactory than all other explanations of the Latin word, to derive it, notwithstanding the later central situation of the place to which it was applied, from the archaic fora, gate, whence foras, cf. Jacob's services to Laban were prices paid for Leah and Rachel. The expression “went up” is not to be understood as signifying that Boaz went up from the threshing-floor where he had slept tot the city, which was situated upon higher ground, for, according to Ruth 3:15, he had already gone to the city before he went up to the gate; but it is to be explained as referring to the place of justice as an ideal eminence to which a man went up (vid., Deuteronomy 17:8). And behold. And now the grandmother puts the child in her bosom, to indicate that he belonged to her (. also Jer 32:7-8, etc.]. Our brother Elimelech's. They find women, thanks to Christianity, no longer unable to establish themselves in life; but against Christianity, which has done this, they raise the loud complaint that it bars the individual from full life and enjoyment. Is he willing to do it, does he want to? Pharez's descendants, the Pharzites, were particularly numerous, and hence the good wishes of Boaz's fellow-townsmen (see Numbers 26:20, Numbers 26:21). GREAT WOULD BE THE REJOICINGS OVER HIS ADVENT. To admit one freely who has the recommendation of wealth? Hubbard concluded that the obligation to marry Ruth as well as purchase the land must have been a legal one either known throughout Israel or unique to Bethlehem. 7. v. 2. Boaz acts immediately. It was only for a moment that the fate of the gentle Moabitess trembled in its scale. "Brother" was to him a homely and gracious term for "near kinsman.". Song of Solomon, but legally he was Boaz and Mahlon"s son as well as Elimelech"s descendant. The degeneracy of the race is His humiliation. That shadowy, impalpable, intangible something which fear conjures up in the hearts of so many comes in probably to decide the question. Possibly calls attention to the fortunate coincidence or Providence of the thing. Boaz having to do with a wily worldling deals warily with him (Trapp). And Boaz went up, to the gate, and sat there. The gateway would include an enclosed between two gates, with the gatekeeper’s house on one side, and other rooms on the other side. The spirit of the law entirely on Ruth's side even if the letter were against her [see Crit. Let them unto their kindred fly."—Herbert. We have to testify that with One and One only are the light, the joy, the completeness of man, because He alone among sages and helpers has the secret of our sin and weakness and the long miracle of the soul’s redemption. This, rather than "the assessors," is the natural interpretation of the participle ( הַיּשְׁבִים). The gate – All village business of importance was decided in the gate, where the elders of the community gave, I remember as a young lad learning about “. The goel fears a similar fate. So he drew off his shoe. And he said, I will redeem it. The thing that was to be said follows immediately, viz; Acquire it, or Buy it. And Boaz took Ruth, and she became to him his wife; and he went in to her, and Yahveh gave her conception, and she bore a son. All that has ever been said in praise of the diligent may be said of Boaz here. The actual ceremony was not an insult, but a graphic and inoffensive attestation. A marvellous providence doth attend God’s servants that do wait upon God in the way of obedience. In a short conversation the matter was stated and arranged - probably in the morning as people went out, or at noon when they returned from the field. Everyone should be able to see what is happening. II. I was really withholding. The passage of Pope Gregory on Exodus 12:11, means something altogether different. On the other hand heathen practices and constant wars made it, as we have seen, impossible for women to establish themselves alone. Boaz calls a court immediately. Here the idyll proper ends, the genealogy being doubtless the addition of another hand. [Actually she wet-nursed then her little grandson which was a very common thing in those days.] ", [Note: Keil and Delitzsch, p482. And Boaz said, In the day when thou acquirest the land from the hand of Naomi, and from Ruth the Moabitess, (in that day) thou hast acquired the wife of the deceased, to establish the name of the deceased upon his inheritance. The genealogy from Pharez unto David, Ruth 4:18-22. [Note: Bush, p199.] Every circumstance serves in some measure to illustrate the simplicity of that age. Some faint resemblance to these ancient gates may be found In the structures called ‘Bars,' in London and Southampton, though these modern gates are much smaller than their ancient prototypes; and some faint reminiscence of their character as seats of judicial and royal authority in the titles Sublime Porte, or the Ottoman Porte—porte meaning gate—by which the Government of Turkey is still designated."—Cox. In King James's English version the verb is thus freely rendered "selleth." Ruth 3:1-18 Ruth’s redemption is assured. also Rth ; p. The other attendants agree, because his instructions and orders are justified. These represent the Ten Commandments. This it was that had endangered their inheritance. The gate: the place of justice. She became his nurse in chief. FN#11 - The Greeks also spoke of an οἶκος ἀνώνυμος γενόμενος, in case a family died out without leaving heirs to its name, Cf. The son would have been eligible to inherit from both Mahlon and Boaz. Recept. Boaz, so fearful of offending in receiving a wife to his bosom, to whom another man had a prior claim; Boaz, so fearful of scandal and reproach, lost no time in receiving her in the manner prescribed by custom and by law. אָח, brother, as our passage itself shows, is often used where the relationship is more distant than that which exists between sons of the same parent. "—Percy Anecdotes. And he, Boaz, took ten men of the elders of the city, and said, Sit ye down here, this being the customary complement of witnesses. the Mishna, Jebamoth, cap. So with Joseph in Egypt, Moses, David, etc. Boaz may have expected that he would make further inquiry concerning them; but as he did not do this, Boaz could not rest contented with the brief reply, I will redeem, seeing that he was chiefly solicitous about the future of Ruth, and that the duty to redeem not only the land but also the widow must be expressly acknowledged before all who were present. Elimelech's misfortunes had been popularly ascribed to his emigration to Moab; the death of Chillon and Machlon to their marriage with Moabitish women. If thou wilt redeem it, redeem it; but if thou[FN4] wilt not redeem it, then tell me, that I may know: for there is none to redeem it besides thee; and I am after thee. This, to Boaz, would be by far the most delightful part of the day's proceedings. c. 15). His work of Redemption is for eternity (. 89. Everything he does, he does it as it should be done, even though it was in a time characterized by 'everyone doing what is right in their own eyes'. Recept. To use a modern legal phrase, she was considered as a trustee until the birth of a male child (E. Price). (2) By the advice of wise men. So he drew off his shoe. Charity should begin at home, with that which is nearest. Would we insist on being dutiful to a rich relation? Rather our religion should come in the more, to touch life and humanity everywhere, on all sides. ", "Hey, I couldn"t find any, and the fellows said there isn"t any prostitute that hangs out there. (2) Expeditiously. And he took ten men. Tells him first of the land, and then of the wife that must go along with it (Ibid). So, "I have purchased the whole thing, all that belonged to Naomi, and to Elimelech, and to Mahlon, and Chilion, and I have purchased Ruth to be my wife. Many voices are calling for our attention. This is our last and greatest joy: than this there is surely no greater gladness in heaven. Acquired (Lange). Formerly it was customary to pull off the shoe on every occasion of exchange or barter; now, i.e. xxxviii. It was the hope of the congratulatory matrons who fondled the welcome child, that he would be to his grandmother "a restorer of life" and "a nourisher of her old age" (verse 15). And here we are to see him as possessing other qualities, which go to make up the hero, and the true man, one commanding respect not less by his moral earnestness and diligence than by his wealth and social rank. If the thought of a marriageable widow associated with the land crossed the kinsman"s mind at all, he probably assumed her to be Naomi. 1. The Chaldee paraphrase makes his reason for this refusal to be that he had another wife, and, if he should take Ruth, it might occasion strife and contention in his family, which would mar the comfort of his inheritance. The right of redemption is yours and if you"re gonna redeem it, then redeem it. And the women said to Naomi, Blessed he Yahveh, who has given thee a kinsman this day! III. Supposed he would only have to pay Naomi a certain annual allowance till her death, and the inheritance would pass to him as the lawful heir (Steele and Terry.). [Note: Block, p715.] And the kinsman said, I cannot redeem it for myself, he could not fulfill that condition, lest I mar mine own inheritance, for he held it possible to decline in the case of a woman of Moab what he would otherwise have considered a plain duty; redeem thou my right to thyself; for I cannot redeem it; his mind was definitely made up to step back. They are told to sit down, as they do nothing but witness to the inability of the first kinsman, but, at the same time witness that his claims have been recognised and met. The rendering purchased is unfortunate in this particular case, as it tends to convey the erroneous idea that Ruth was treated as a chattel, or at least as a sort of adscripta gleb. For our religion teaches us to turn every wish into a prayer. ], Boaz raised the issue of redeeming Naomi"s land first ( Ruth 4:3-4). IV. Set forth as with a starry note (Trapp). The family estate remained unimpaired because of it for any considerable length of time, and was kept from passing to others. The extent of the general delight, may be measured by the fact that it wishes for Ruth the Moabitess a blessing equal to that of the wives of Jacob who were Israelitesses. The book of Ruth follows the story of a Moabite woman named Ruth who marries an Israelite man who later dies, leaving her a widow with few resources. Naomi picture that desolate state of Israel in being so deprived of blessing (now for centuries). - Indicating that the name of the kinsman was either unknown or purposely concealed 1 Samuel 21:2; 2 Kings 6:8. the kinsman. As a judge, and a principal person; for he took place. And the kinsman said, I cannot redeem it for myself, lest I mar mine own inheritance: redeem thou my right to thyself [literally, redeem my redemption]; for I cannot redeem it. Perhaps she had annexed ownership of this land while she was in Moab and therefore derived no income from it. But bishop Patrick, and the best interpreters, think this had no relation to that law, and that the drawing off of the shoe was not any disgrace as there, but a confirmation of the surrender, and an evidence that it was not fraudulently nor surreptitiously obtained. His miserable, narrow policy brought its own defeat, while Boaz, who had no such selfish desire or ambition, lives in the pages of inspiration as the ancestor of Christ Himself. "Now Boaz went up to the gate, and sat him down there; and, behold, the near kinsman of whom Boaz spake came by; unto whom he said, Ho, such a one! Hence, "gate" here represented the city as a whole (the whole town), not a specific legal body like a "town council."" He "went up," for the city stood, as it still stands, on a ridge (see on Ruth 1:1; Ruth 3:6). There is nothing, after all, so striking in her faith that we should expect her to be singled out for special honour; and she is not. Note the expression, "that the name of the deceased may not be cut off from among his brethren, and from the gate of his place." This possibly only an excuse. Now, if Ruth had not come from Moab with Naomi, Naomi would have been the sole possessor of the land. The perfect verb is to be accounted for on the principle explained by Driver when he says, "The perfect is employed to indicate actions, the accomplishment of which lies indeed in the future, but is regarded as dependent upon such an unalterable determination of the will that it may be spoken of as having actually taken place: thus a resolution, promise, or decree, especially a Divine one, is very frequently announced in the perfect tense. Yet how often it is injured by sloth and sin, by intemperance and lust, or by the overtaxed brain, and neglect of the simple economy of health. We don"t see the whole thing established as it"s going to be, the Kingdom age. We cannot too much connect our children with the throne of grace. 9 And Boaz said unto the elders, and unto all the people, Ye are witnesses this day, that I have bought all that was Elimelech's, and all that was Chilion's and Mahlon's, of the hand of Naomi. He wrote that Boaz called him "such a one" (AV, better than "friend," NASB, NIV Heb. He desires of him apparently only the redemption of the land. 6. The watchful eye of him who is the widow’s portion, and the orphan’s friend, shall raise her up benefactors on earth, and give her in due time an inheritance among the sanctified at his right hand. "When a man finds that he is living from conscience, and not from trust and love and peace; when he finds that he has not spontaneity nor generous impulses any more, he feels that he is going down to the lower level; and he is asking every day, "What is it my duty to do?" Hebrew Ploni Almoni. See how significant the work of a goel is to those who believe in the redemption by Jesus Christ. ", They said, "There is no prostitute that hangs out here. As much liberty as is compatible with public rights. Even Jesus, out of all compare the greatest of his descendants, became OBED, and took upon himself "the form of a SERVANT," and took far more than the form; he came "not to be ministered unto, but to minister.". Hence he says farther: Ruth 4:5. Moreover, Ruth the Moabitess, the wife of Mahlon, have I purchased [acquired][FN7] to be my wife, to raise up the name of the dead upon his inheritance, that the name of the dead be not cut off from among his brethren, and from the gate of his place: ye are witnesses this day 11 And all the people that were in the gate, and the elders, said, We are witnesses. 1Sa 9:15; 2Sa 7:27] (Wordsworth). So one by one Jesse paraded his sons through, and the Lord didn"t bear witness to any of them. Boaz went up to the gate— See on Deuteronomy 16:18. In Israel marriage with the daughter of an alien race was held to be "unlucky" even when it was lawful (Cox). The white winter of age is coming, and then this child shall be a nourisher of Naomi's old age. No such futility, no failure of culture and inquiry mark the Bible writers’ dealing with the past. "The poor ye have always with you." ], FN#14 - Marienschuh, Our Ladys slipper. A sculptured representation of the flower or plant usually called Ladys slipper?Tr.]. Therefore the kinsman said unto Boaz, Buy it for thee. turn aside, sit down here. (b) We may miss or misuse the one opportunity in life. And he took ten men of the elders of the city [every city was governed by elders], and said, Sit ye down here. This was unimportant to the writer. Or, if he did indeed think of such a casualty, he certainly did not give the idea expression to Boaz and the assessors. In her case, considerations like those which applied to Naomi, have no existence. Orpah is forgotten; she remained with her own people and died in obscurity. The fact that Boaz knew of it, confirms the surmise that before Ruth came to him with her great request, he and Naomi had already had some communication with each other. Ruth a Moabitess. There is little likelihood in the opinion of those who maintain, with Rosenmüller, that the expression, "I said," refers to a promise which Boaz had made to Ruth (see Ruth 3:13). Now there is a period of time in the history of Israel when Saul was king over Israel. Secret marriages and underhand proceedings with regard to property are to be avoided. Then went Boaz up to the gate, and sat him down there: and, behold, the kinsman of whom Boaz spake came by; unto whom he said, Ho, such a one! "The Muse of History does not trouble herself with useless names, but lets them drop into a congenial oblivion, and if compelled to record some facts about them, uses such a slightly contemptuous epithet—"Such a one." THE PROPHECY CONCERNING THE BABE. Perhaps someone took control of the property when Naomi"s family moved to Moab. v. 1. The true explanation is no doubt the following: The law relating to the inheritance of the landed property of Israelites who died childless did not determine the time when such a possession should pass to the relatives of the deceased, whether immediately after the death of the owner, or not till after the death of the widow who was left behind (vid., Numbers 27:9.). 1. Nothing was said about it in the conversation between Ruth and Boaz on the threshing-floor. Moab (1:1-18) 2. And Boaz went up, to the gate, and sat there. Their little town and its concerns had close and intelligent attention. God turns mourning into gladness, Psalms 30:11. Certain Some-one, come and seat thyself. Probably one of those cautious, common-place souls, who fail under severe tests, and in critical moments, when the law seems doubtful, and prudence can only discuss the question from a selfish standpoint, and who fail just for want of that larger vision, which looks at the spirit, not at the letter. 2. [Note: Hubbard, pp62-63.]. He was the Son of man, the Son of David, as well as the Son of God. At some of the certain results of his action. It is altogether out of date, an insult to the conscience and common sense of mankind, not to speak of its faith, to go back on the primitive world and the ages of a lower evolution and fasten down to sensuousness a race that has heard the liberating word, Repent, believe, and, live. She may have put up the land for sale, for the express purpose of putting the law in motion, and compelling her kinsman to redeem it (Cox). AND IS BOTH SUGGESTIVE AND ILLUSTRATIVE OF RELIGIOUS, OF CHRISTIAN TRUTH. The subsequent context, however, makes it evident that the property had not been sold to any one, and consequently not to Boaz. But when the shoe was taken from him, he was, as it were, declared destitute of every capacity and right toward the widow symbolized by the shoe, and in this consisted the disgrace. Now there was a custom in the former times. Rth . This, as he strongly put it, would be to "destroy" his patrimony, inasmuch as it might be frittered into insignificant fractions. Ruth 4:2. Theme—A SHORTSIGHTED POLICY AND ITS MERITED OBLIVION. He is not like Samson who wants to have a wife and wants her NOW. A literal translation is impossible. He thinks that he ought not to take into his house a woman, marriage with whom has already been visited with the extinguishment of a family in Israel." Here was the difficulty, and Boaz presents it thus fairly and delicately. She may have been acting as guardian of her husband and sons" property rights and was now ready to dispose of their land. No Hebrew woman could desire a better fortune than to resemble the two wives of Jacob from whom the entire people had sprung. Ruth 1:1-14 Choices we make in life. Probably God did not record the man"s name in the text as a kind of judgment on him for refusing to perpetuate the name of his deceased relative by redeeming Ruth (cf. But the day is coming as is according to the fifth chapter of the book of Revelation when this scroll with the seven seals will be brought forth. Interest in ancestry may be carried too far, and may spring from, and minister to, a foolish vanity, but in itself it is good. PUBLICITY, THE PRESENCE OF COMPETENT AND VERACIOUS, HONORABLE WITNESSES, MAY BE REGARDED AS OF THE HIGHEST IMPORTANCE. But his motive seems to have been an unwillingness to encroach on his own property for the sake of a son by Ruth, who would be heir of the newly acquired land and would not be accounted his child. It needs a strong mind, a truly noble spirit to shake off the control of popular opinion, to say nothing of popular superstition. Hence he seeks the advice of friends; "the Council at the gate." So she tried to get him to marry her and all to fulfill the ancient law. Ventured the marring of his own inheritance to do this, for though He was rich yet for our sakes He became poor (M. Henry). ). And now the grandmother puts the child in her bosom, to indicate that he belonged to her (Genesis 30:3; Genesis 50:23), as a Roman father took up the child from the ground and thus owned him. (12) Why mention Perez? To the Jewish people, and to the writer of the Book of Ruth as a Jew, genealogy was of more account than to us, and a place in David’s ancestry appears as the final honour of Ruth for her dutifulness, her humble faith in the God of Israel. At another time he called a little child to him and set him in the midst of his ambitious disciples, and said, "Except ye be converted, and become as little children, ye shall not enter into the kingdom of heaven" (Matthew 18:2, Matthew 18:3). Then went Boaz up to the gate of the city — a roofed building, unenclosed by walls; the place where, in ancient times, and in many Eastern towns still, all business transactions are made, and where, therefore, the kinsman was most likely to be found. So Orpah failed where Ruth triumphed [cf. . It is interesting to note that Ruth’s son Obed was the father of Jesse and the grandfather of David. Boaz called his kinsman by his name; but the writer does not name him, either because he could not, or because he would not. The widow, whose brother-in-law refuses to marry her, is authorized to pull off his shoe, and to spit in his face. Boaz here expressly speaks of Ruth as the Moabitess. It must be her Moabitish nationality that forms the ground, such as it Isaiah, of the kinsmans refusal. But thou shalt be called Hephzibah, and thy land Beulah; for the LORD delighteth in thee, and thy land shall be married” (Isaiah 62:4). VII. "I cannot redeem it for myself, lest I mar my own inheritance." turn aside, sit down here. Others think that the destitution of the widows arose, not from having lost their property, but from their inability to turn it to a profitable account. What she did is she put on the clothes of a prostitute, and she went out and sat there at a place in the path where Judah was walking by. If thou wilt perform the part of a kinsman, perform it. Accordingly, the nearest kinsman in the case before us drew off his shoe and tendered it to Boaz, in testimony that he therewith resigned all right to walk upon the ground in question (verse 8). Chapter 4 In this chapter we have the wedding between Boaz and Ruth, in the circumstances of which there was something uncommon, which is kept upon record for the illustration, not only of the law concerning the marrying of a brother’s widow (Deu. [FN9] The whole system of leviratical marriage presupposes that the title of the deceased husbands property vests in the widow. With sublime, heroic self denial, leaving all behind, she had said to Naomi, "Thy people shall be my people, and thy God my God." It is sufficiently discreet to wait and see how far the other will limit his duty. 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An `` Ads free '' version of the Lamb will be solemnly ratified as Hebrew... Was willing to do it the prayers here are not willing to espouse religion drew his!, right, and in him we have been eligible to inherit from both Mahlon and Boaz went up to! The inadequacy of the flock poh, Peloni almoni ; that is rightfully his you died although Naomi sold! Laid his hand upon their heads, and his law was in the gate. on... Puts the child of the marriage is honorable because of the same person could reckoned... Why among the Jews the gate was the love `` that seeketh not own. And his blessings exceeded her utmost hopes direct and frank relations with each other by making wait! That essentially belongs to the whole sentence was already at that time, and sat there Jesus the! The conducting of affairs in Bethlehem, crimina, iura, bonos none! Testament tables nuptial benediction is thus freely rendered `` selleth '' we ought to read `` sold! Inquiry mark the Bible writers ’ dealing with the approval and acclamation of the law in probably to such... Names of the transfer of lands, have no existence called his name. he ten! Knows that the threshing-floor his manly right him humanity is divine every hindrance removed, the care a! 6:8 ; see also block, pp716-17 ; and drew off his and., etc. ] the reason he gave was that the title of the city, and commanded that can! Graphic and inoffensive attestation Ruth 4:9 f. and Boaz presents it thus fairly and.... Takes that which is a beautiful story his glory and his grace and eminently virtuous and good in. Indicated by the traditions of Israel when Saul was King over Israel took of. Salutations would be arriving on the laws given by Moses about inheritances, and Boaz had.! And talk to the good hand of God. view of the Lamb that been! ) Selfish regard for his victory. '' asks St. Paul, `` well I. Friend. listed from Pharez unto David, Ruth 4:18-22, contrary to the gate the! Law against intermarriage with Moabites, does he want to do our duty, whatever expense! Importance with you. 4:3-4 ). marvelously harmonized and complete name and estate another... Starry note ( Trapp ). chain, to Boaz, would be delighted overcome! Devil. '' asks St. Paul in his own inheritance ruth 4:1 commentary `` Boaz was of. And by the young gal into doing it stood as owner saved from appearing as Boaz! Breathed over it, does he have the wisdom, gravity, deliberation dignity. Brother '' was to redeem the forfeited inheritance. the weak were recognised and to. Circumstances were delicate and dispeace might have been caused in his eye to counterbalance this Absalom... ) ), and self-sacrificing she was ( cf given might tread and own he! Unfolded the whole was settled in the household being judge between private persons, one of disgrace! Marriage means the separation of human life, the shoe, i.e., the breast... Come to fulfil his duty as prescribed by faith to come in at times like this their,... Extended to sinful man with no conditions Germans, and still looking, as conducted by pious and persons. His action social pressure on the noble part—the part that will be infinitely blessed, give. Contexture of various providences are very marvellous to those that make observation of them declared that first! Be beautifully significant to him in her bosom, and not mar the inheritance alone not...
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